Choose the Right Tool for the Job
Using the correct tool when planting longleaf pine will result in better survival and better growth. As a rule of thumb, containerized longleaf pines have higher survival when hand planted. Bareroot longleaf pines have higher survival when machine planted. If you're going to use a contract crew to plant your longleaf, make sure they are experienced. But remember, unless otherwise specified, most contract crews are paid by the number of longleaf that they plant and NOT the number of longleaf they plant which are alive six months later.
Use the following information to help you educate yourself on the proper tools used:
Hand Planting
Everything else being equal (i.e., the planter's ability to use each tool efficiently), we've discovered that survival of longleaf varies less than 1% between the tool type used.
Hand Planting Tools
Pros and Cons (for container grown seedlings)
Plug Tools*
*an efficient tool that removes a small plug of dirt that the seedling fits snuggly into.
Pros:
- If planters are properly trained, this may be the most efficient tool on bedded site, mechanically;
- Site prepared areas, sands, and loams;
- Less likely to plant seedlings too deep with plug tools; and
- Plugs retain round shape in the planting hole
Cons:
- Bits clog quickly on heavier (more silt or clay) soils;
- Generally not functional on rocky soils;
- Variability in bit length and diameter make compatibility a concern with various plug sizes;
- May compact soil in planting hole if bit is not kept clear; and
- More expensive than other planting tools.
Hoedads
Pros:
- Functional on all sites/soils;
- Often the best tool on rocky or heavy soils; and
- Readily available from most forestry or planting equipment dealers.
Cons:
- If care is not taken, seedlings may be planted at angles rather than vertically;
- May plant seedling too deep, especially in softer soils; and
- Plug may be flattened when planting hole is closed up.
Dibble Bars
Pros:
- Functional on all sites;
- Most common and easily purchased planting tool; and
- Cheapest planting tool.
Cons:
- Seedlings may be planted too deep if laborers are not well trained
- Plugs are often flattened when planting hole is closed up
Machine Planting
Pros:
- Most effective means to plant bareroot longleaf; and
- Can cover more ground faster than a hand crew.
Cons:
- Cutover areas must be relatively free of debris which will otherwise obstruct movement of machine planter;
- Takes of great deal of experience (and skill) to use effectively; and
- Not the most effective instrument to plant container longleaf pine.